In
some occupations there is provision for full or part-time work, temporary work,
job sharing (sometimes called permanent part-time work), or working a half
program. Where employment is not full-time, there may be less job satisfaction
and there could be difficulty in communicating with the person who is
responsible for the balance of the work. On the other hand, many people choose
this work pattern for lifestyle reasons.
Another increasingly popular option
is to work from home. This may be convenient for women with home
responsibilities, or for either men or women who are running their own
business. The cost in setting up offices or workstations at home is reduced.
There is no need to rent or lease additional premises. If there is ready access
to telephone and computer facilities, there is no barrier to working this way.
A modem attached to a computer allows communication with the central office, or
colleagues and clients. People who work from home using computer facilities are
called teleworkers or telecommuters.
Work Patterns
Employees move between jobs more
readily as work needs and conditions change. People may have several careers in
a lifetime
Some
reasons for this are:
- The impact of automation and technology, making some routine jobs obsolete; the use of robots in certain industries has done away with many mundane and labour-intensive jobs
- Less labour is required to perform manufacturing jobs
- The low cost of
offshore labour and facilities; this applies particularly in the textile,
clothing and footwear trades where goods are often manufactured overseas.
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